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閱讀前導(dǎo)對(duì)閱讀理解的作用
畢業(yè)論文
The effects of Advance Organizers on Reading Comprehension
Abstract
With the development of the schema theory, pedagogical researchers have realized that relevant background knowledge must be applied to the reading process in order to improve the reader’s reading quality. From this perspective, Ausubel first raised the concept of advance organizer in the early 1960’s. His followers developed the advance organizers. According to the different roles they play in eliciting relevant information, advance organizers serve two functions: the provider and the activator. This thesis concentrates on the study of the effects of advance organizers on reading comprehension. Based on the theory of advance organizers and the analysis of the former researcher’s experiments, this thesis holds the view that advance organizers, either the provider or the activator, do help readers reach a better understanding of the text. However, the activator’s effect is more pronounced than that of the provider by comparison. Some suggestions are offered for teachers and students so as to offer some help to extensive reading course.
Key Words: advance organizers; the provider; the activator; schema
摘 要
隨著圖式理論的發(fā)展，語(yǔ)言教學(xué)者逐步認(rèn)識(shí)到為了提高閱讀質(zhì)量，讀者必須具備與閱讀材料相關(guān)的背景知識(shí)，并將其運(yùn)用到閱讀過(guò)程之中。在這種思想的指導(dǎo)下，美國(guó)認(rèn)知學(xué)家?jiàn)W斯貝爾（Ausubel）先提出了閱讀前導(dǎo)（advance organizers）這1概念，建議在閱讀之前，以書(shū)面文字的形式向讀者提供所需的背景知識(shí)。他本人用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法證實(shí)了閱讀前導(dǎo)的有效性和可行性。后來(lái)的研究著在奧斯貝爾研究的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)閱讀前導(dǎo)通常所起的兩個(gè)主要作用，將其分為兩大類(lèi)：補(bǔ)缺前導(dǎo)(the provider)和激活前導(dǎo)(the activator)。本文通過(guò)分析研究前人所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)，研究這兩種閱讀前導(dǎo)在中國(guó)學(xué)生閱讀英語(yǔ)過(guò)程中所起的作用。研究表明，這兩種前導(dǎo)都對(duì)受試學(xué)生的理解起明顯作用；兩者之中，激活前導(dǎo)的作用更為顯著。基于這些研究結(jié)果，作者為英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)的老師和學(xué)生們提出了1些建議。
關(guān)鍵詞：閱讀前導(dǎo)、補(bǔ)缺前導(dǎo)、激活前導(dǎo)、圖式
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