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對立、融合與超越—論《一間自己的房間》中女性主義的升華
畢業論文
Abstract
Virginia Woolf is a world-famous English writer. And she is one of important representatives of modernism and stream of consciousness. Her essay A Room of One’s Own is a classical work of feminism.
This paper analyses the development of feminism in Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own. The exploration of this subject is made in three steps with woman and fiction on its two constant clues. The three parts of this paper are the three different levels of feminism’s development. The first part of the paper elaborates on the misogyny—the opposition of two sexes. It includes that the economy limitation on woman’s development, and the traditional way of thinking and men value standard which impact woman writers seriously in spirit. The second part dwells on the androgyny level. As woman realize the value of their own, woman writers begin to look for their own identities and standard which are different from men’s. Woolf doesn’t only find the differences between two sexes, but also realizes that men and women are not simply oppositive. So she refers to an ideal of androgyny. The last part is transsexualism level. Woolf agrees with Coleridge believing that the writers must be woman-manly or man-womanly. And one can write great novel only if he or she can balance two sexes in his or her mind.
Although, Woolf’s feminism concept is seemed as submission by some radical feminists, but I think , in order to get the liberation, the two sexes should communicate to each other instead of opposition.
Key words: feminism; misogyny; androgyny; transsexualism
摘 要
弗吉尼亞•伍爾夫是蜚身世界文壇的英國女作家。作為杰出的小說家，她是現代主義的信徒和意識流小說的重要代表之1。其著作《1間自己的房間》被世人奉為女權主義的宣言和經典之作。
本文從女性主義發展的角度對弗吉尼亞•伍爾夫的《1間自己的房間》的內容進行了分析。它以貫穿該文章的兩大主題--女性與小說作為線索，對女性的生存、生活狀況以及女性主義的發展升華進行了論述。首先論述了兩性的對立層面。它包括了女性的發展所受到社會經濟和傳統觀念的制約，以及建立在兩性對立基礎上的社會意識、思維模式和倫理價值標準對女性作家的深刻影響。接著是融合層面。隨著女性自我意識的覺醒，女性作家開始尋找女性不同于男性的自我身份和價值觀，同時致力于確定女性的話語方式。伍爾夫既看到了兩性的差異，又認為兩者并非簡單對立。因此她提出了富于辯證精神的兩性融合的理想。最后是超越層面。伍爾夫贊同柯勒律治的觀點，相信作家創造性的心靈應該同時兼備男女兩性的特征。只有當作家心中的兩性因素協調時，才有可能寫出偉大的作品。
伍爾夫深刻獨到的女性主義觀點為當時女性主義的發展做出了貢獻。盡管伍爾夫的雙性同體思想被后來1些激進的女權主義者視為是1種投降與妥協，但我認為，男性同樣受到父權制文化傳統的制約，由此可見，男女兩性自身的解放并不是通過對立與斗爭得到，而是在交流、對話和互補中獲取。
關鍵詞: 女性主義；對立；融合；超越
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