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談高中英語教學中的文化意識培養
摘要： 語言是文化的載體，學習語言的過程也應該是學習語言文化的過程。只有真正了解語言中所包含的文化涵義，才能夠真正掌握一門語言。所以，從語言學角度講，學一門語言是學一種文化，教一門語言也是教一種文化。高中英語的教學目的是培養學生運用英語進行交際的能力。交際的能力不僅包括語言能力，而且包括對與語言使用密切相關的社會文化因素充分了解和掌握的文化能力。這就要求英語老師要加強對學生文化意識的培養。然而在我國的高中英語教學中，文化知識的輸入問題還沒有得到廣大師生的足夠重視，師生文化意識薄弱。針對高中英語教學中的現狀，本文作者力圖探索培養學生的文化意識的方法。只有在語言能力與文化意識培養相結合的情況下，學生才能做到有效交際。
關鍵詞：語言；文化；文化差異；文化意識
1.Introduction
Every country has its own peculiar culture. Because of cultural differences, misunderstandings may arise. A harmless statement may cause displeasure or anger; a serious question may cause amusement. Therefore, for language learners and teachers, it is of great importance to be aware of differences between home culture and target culture. Cultural awareness is helpful to achieve effectiveness in language teaching and learning. In fact, “learning a language is inseparable from learning its culture.” [1]
There is close relationship between language and culture. “Language is the carrier of culture and culture is the content of language. There is no language without culture content.”[2] “As a mirror of culture, language is strongly influenced and shaped by culture”[3] They evolved together and have been mutually dependent through their history. Understanding one requires understanding the other. In the broadest sense, language is the symbolic representation of a people, and it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking. Following the definitions of sociologists and anthropologists, the term culture “refers to the total pattern of beliefs, customs, institutions, objects, and techniques that characterize the life of a human community.”[4] Language is the most important of culture and it reflects culture. And at the same time, it is influenced and shaped by culture. Cultures differ from one another, so languages diverse. With differences in cultures and in languages, it is natural that cross-cultural communication is not always easy.
Therefore, teaching English well means more than merely teaching students the vocabulary, structures, and grammars. It also means teaching them how to slip into the English culture. Learners should be informed of how native speakers of English see the world and how the English language reflects the ideas, customs, and behavior of their society. In other words, to have a good command of grammatical rules of a language contributes to correctness of sentence structures while familiarity with as much cultural knowledge of that language as possible guarantees appropriateness of discourse.
2.Present condition of cultural education in senior English teaching
From the perspective of NEEC (National Entrance Examination for Colleges), English is considered to be important to all senior school students. For most students, the motivation of learning English is just a means to pass the exams and get high scores in English proficiency tests. And t
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