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回聲問echo question的研究
摘 要 回聲問（echo question）是言語交際中特殊而有趣的現象，指重復前一個說話人已經說過的全部或部分內容的話語，在漢語這種表意文字中更是這樣。由于回聲問是將別人的話語引入自己的話語中，并表達自己對該話語的態度，因此，它實際是一種元語言（mealanguage[微軟用戶1] ）用法。回聲成分可以是詞、短語、句子等形式，看似非常簡單的重復，但[微軟用戶2] 其構成形式及其所表達的語義和語用功能遠比一個常規疑問句或一個陳述句要復雜得多。本研究的理論基礎是Verschueren的 “[微軟用戶3] 順應論”。在此基礎上，本文分別從語音、語法和語義三方面對回聲問進行細致描述，指出回聲問的產生和理解是順應的實現，同時分析回聲問產生和理解的過程，并找出其生成和理解的依據，即順應性。用順應論試圖分析回聲問的生成與理解，我們認為，回聲問的生成和理解是順應的結果。[微軟用戶4] 本文共分五章，主要內容如下：第一章“引言”。介紹本文的選題理據，研究目的、分析方法和結構布局。本文語料主要來自國內戲劇、小品以及前人研究的實例，如《雷雨》、《日出》、《原野》、《北京人》和《馬季相聲集》等。第二章“文獻綜述”。首先對本文研究的回聲問予以界定和分類，然后回顧國內外有關回聲問的研究成果，重點分析這些研究的不足之處，最后簡要討論回聲問和普通疑問句的關系。[微軟用戶5] 第三章“理論框架”。簡單介紹“順應論”的基本概念，總結提出人們在輸出和理解回聲問時的基本模式,即對心理因素、社交因素或物理因素等因素的順應。第四章“回聲問的產出和理解”,[微軟用戶6] 重點討論回聲問的特點。從語音、語法和語義三方面對回聲問進行細致描述，其中語義可分為言語本身的意義和其語用含義，本研究重點討論回聲問的語用功能，如回聲問者一般是在什么情況下回聲問，以及其回聲問的目的是反詰、諷刺還是其他，同時討論聽者應該注意的問題。并指出回聲問的產生和理解是順應的實現，另佐以豐富的語料論證。[微軟用戶7] 第五章為“結語”。總結全文內容，歸納本文貢獻，并指出本研究的不完善之處以供將來研究。關鍵詞：回聲問；順應論；音；形；義AbstractEcho questions, a special and interesting phenomenon, refer to the repetition of some parts or the whole of the previous utterances, especially in Chinese. In fact, the use of echo questions is a kind of mealanguage. Because what the speaker utteres is cited from others’ utterances. At the same time, the speaker shows his or her attitude. The echoed institutes can be words, phrases or sentences. The repetition seems to be very easy, whereas the structure and the function are much more complicated than those of ordinary interrogatives and statements.The research is based on Verschueren’s Adaptation Theory. This paper discusses echo questions in detail from the following three main aspects: sound, form and meaning. We think that the production and interpretation of echo questions are the realization of adaptation. In the meanwhile, we analyze the process and find out the mechanism, that is, adaptability. This paper tries to analyze the production and interpretation of the echo question within Adaptation Theory. At last, we find that the adaptability results in the production and interpretation of the echo question.This paper consists of the following five chapters,Chapter one makes an introduction to the whole paper, offering the reason for the present study, putting forward the necessity and rationality of the study, explaining the layout of the study.Chapter two is an overview by first distinguishing and classifying the echo question. Then we focus on the previous researches on the echo question, with special attention being paid to the weak points. At last we talk about the relationship between the echo question and ordinary interrogatives.Chapter three is centered on theoretical framework. We propose a new theory frame (the production and interpretation model of echo question) based on the Adaptation Theory.Chapter four mainly deals with the production and interpretation of echo questions, with special emphasis on three kinds of features: the phonetic and the syntactic features as well as pragmatic features. Echo questions are often used to obtain confirmation or seek more information from the hearer. Besides, they can express the speaker’s surprise, incredulity, retort, dissatisfaction and irony. Thus we put our focus on pragmatic features illustrated by a large number of examples. Chapter five draws a conclusion and points out the limitations of the study in this thesis and the direction of further research on this topic.Key words: echo questions; the Adaptation Theory; sound; form; meaning--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[微軟用戶1]胡說！[微軟用戶2]刪除[微軟用戶3]間隔？？[微軟用戶4]何出此言？得交代[微軟用戶5]要提到，這是正文要提到，其他論述從什么理論角度論述回聲問的。而順應論會有什么好處。[微軟用戶6]全角還是半角逗號？全文一致[微軟用戶7]還是那句話，何出此言？這章是重點，得分述，詳述，分析。你的基本觀點呢？或者幾條論點呢？看你的正文，也不是很突出。這部分很薄弱。論文出處(作者):Liu Xiaohong
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