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安娜.卡列妮娜的悲劇及其意義
摘 要
安娜•卡列妮娜是109世紀(jì)俄羅斯文學(xué)巨匠托爾斯泰筆下最富魅力的女性形象，她是1個(gè)追求個(gè)性解放，爭(zhēng)取自主愛情，敢于反抗壓迫，敢于離經(jīng)叛道的上層?jì)D女形象，也因此造成了她悲劇的命運(yùn)。造成安娜悲劇的因素是多方面的，大多學(xué)者在安娜的研究上花上了大量的心血，也有斐然的成績(jī)，他們多大是從安娜的性格，以及她所處的社會(huì)環(huán)境為出發(fā)點(diǎn)。我認(rèn)為安娜的悲劇根源除了性格和社會(huì)環(huán)境外，還包括人性根源和俄羅斯的文化根源。同時(shí)在我還發(fā)現(xiàn)，安娜和丈夫卡列寧性格之間的區(qū)別，以及安娜和情婦渥倫斯基性格之間的區(qū)別都是造成她悲劇的因素。安娜的悲劇形象在世界知識(shí)婦女層中得到了廣泛的同情與熱愛，這充分顯示出了婦女自我意識(shí)的覺醒和對(duì)自身命運(yùn)的關(guān)注，尤其是知識(shí)婦女。安娜的悲劇也反映了貴族階級(jí)家庭關(guān)系的瓦解，揭露上流社會(huì)虛偽的道德觀念及其冷酷的社會(huì)關(guān)系。本文分兩大部分，第1部分主要從性格、社會(huì)環(huán)境、人性以及俄羅斯文化4個(gè)方面來對(duì)造成安娜悲劇的因素進(jìn)行討論；第2部分則從安娜悲劇的社會(huì)意義現(xiàn)實(shí)意義進(jìn)行分析。
關(guān)鍵詞：安娜；性格矛盾；愛情悲劇；社會(huì)根源；文化根源；虛偽；勇敢
ABSTRACT
Anna Karenina is the most elegant character in the books written by Leo Tolstoy, the greatest Russian writer in the 19th century. She is a character of upper class lady who chased the freedom, looked for self-emotion and dared to fight against her life pressure. But those characters also made her life tragic. There were lots of reasons for her tragic life, and many scholars have spent lots of time on studying Anna’s life, some have achieved brilliant results. Anna’s nature and her social background have been their study points. Besides these, in my opinion, I think her tragic life is also based on her nature of humanizing and Russian culture. Meanwhile the difference between Anna and her husband’s nature, was also the reason for her tragic life. Her tragic life gained sympathy from the upper-class ladies in the world. That means the ladies, especially the upper-class women, concerned about their self-causation and self-life. It reflects the ruin of the noble family membership, the hypocritical moral and bloodless social relationship in the upper class. There are two parts in this essay. In the first part we discussed the elements, which make Anna’s life tragic, from the angles of human nature, social background, humanism and Russian culture. In the second part, we did analysis from the social meaning and the meaning of our real lives.
Key words: Personality contradiction; love tragedy; Social origin; Cultural origin;
False; Brave
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