關(guān)于全國(guó)專業(yè)技術(shù)人員職稱英語(yǔ)考試輔導(dǎo)材料
The Gene Industry
Major companies are already in pursuit ofcommercial applications ofthe new biology .They dream ofplacingnxymse（酶）inthe automobile to monitor exhaust nad send data om pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine .they speak of what the New York Time calls"metal-hungry microbse（微生物）that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water".They have already demanded and won the right to patent new liteforms .
Nervous critics,including many scientists,worry that there if corporate,national,international,and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field.They create images not of oil spills(溢出）,but of "microbe spills" that could spread disease and destroy entire populations,The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes,however,if only one cause for alarm.Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination.
Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay ,thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the fod chain? should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requierement,for example,creating pilots with faster reaction timesor assemblyline workers designed to do our monotonous work for us ?Should we attempt to eliminate"inferior"people and breed a "super-race"?(Hitler tried this ,but without the genetic weaponry that may soom issue form our fighiting?Should we use genetic forecasting to preeliminate "unfit" babies?Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves ,each of us having,as it were ,a "savings bank " full of spare kidney ,livers ,or hands?
Wild as thses notions may sound,every one has itd advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application.As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard
a,state in their book Who Should Play God ? "Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way sa assembly lines ,automobiles,vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance b***mes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploitde and a market for the new technology will be created."
11. According to the passage, the new biology could potentially solve the pollution problem of automobiles by
A using metal-bungry microbes.
B making use of enzymes.
C adjusting the engines.
D patenting new lifeforms .
12.According to the passage, which of the following would most probably worry the critics ofthe following would most probably worry the critics ofthe new biology?
AThe microbes in the ocean warter.
BThe creation and application of biological solar cells
CThe accidental oil spills.
DThe unexpected release of destructive micrbes.
13. Which of the following possibilities of the biotechnological applications is NOT mentioned in the third paragraph?
ADeveloping a savings bank of one"s orangs.
BBreeding soldiers for a war .
CProducingpeople with cow-like stomachs.
DUsing genetic forecasting to curt diseases.
14.According to the passage,Hitler had attempted to
Abiologically change the pilots to win the war .
Bdevelop genetic farming for increasing the food supply .
Ckill the people he thought of as being inferior.
Dencourage the development of genetic weapons for the war.
15.What is the implication of the sratement of Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard?
A The commercial applications of genetic engineering are inevitable.
BLarge-scale genetic engine
aering has occurred in the Untied States.
CAmericans are proud oftheir computers,automobiles and genetic technologies.
DThe potential application of each new genetic advance should be controlled.
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