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2016托業(yè)考試閱讀資料：回收性砍伐
閱讀材料：
Every year, forest fires and severe storms cause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States. One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from affected areas and using the wood for lumber, plywood, and other wood products. There are several reasons why salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy.
每年，在美國(guó)西北部，森林火災(zāi)和一些嚴(yán)重的暴風(fēng)雨會(huì)給森林造成嚴(yán)重的損害。而措置這些災(zāi)難造成的損害的體例之一被稱(chēng)為收受接管性砍伐。收受接管性砍伐是指把受損地域的已經(jīng)衰亡的樹(shù)木一走，用作建造木材、膠合板或者其他木材產(chǎn)物。有一些理由讓我們相信收受接管性砍伐無(wú)論對(duì)于受損的森林仍是對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)成長(zhǎng)都是有益處的。
First, after a devastating fire, forests are choked with dead trees. If the trees are not removed, they will take years to decompose; in the meantime, no new trees can grow in the cramped spaces. Salvage logging, however, removes the remains of dead trees and makes room for fresh growth immediately, which is likely to help forest areas recover from the disaster.
首先，每次森林火災(zāi)之后，森林都被死樹(shù)堵住了。如不美觀(guān)不把這些樹(shù)移走，那么它們需要數(shù)年的時(shí)刻才會(huì)侵蝕。在這個(gè)時(shí)刻里，就不渙有新的樹(shù)木能夠在這些狹小的空間發(fā)芽發(fā)展了。然而，收受接管性砍伐則可以把這些死樹(shù)移走，迅速地位新生的樹(shù)木供給發(fā)展的空間。這樣做，有助于輔佐森林從火災(zāi)中恢復(fù)。
Also, dead trees do more than just take up space. Decaying wood is a highly suitable habitat for insects such as the spruce bark beetle, which in large numbers can damage live, healthy spruce trees. So， by removing totting wood, salvage logging helps minimize the dangers of insect infestation, thus contributing to the health of the forest.
同時(shí)，已死的樹(shù)對(duì)森林的損害不僅僅是占用空間。腐臭的木頭同時(shí)也是昆蟲(chóng)很好的棲息地，好比杉皮甲蟲(chóng)。大量的杉皮甲蟲(chóng)會(huì)對(duì)健康發(fā)展的杉樹(shù)造成損害。所以，經(jīng)由過(guò)程移走這些腐臭的木頭，收受接管性砍伐可以降低蟲(chóng)害侵襲的危險(xiǎn)，進(jìn)而呵護(hù)森林的健康。
Third and last, salvage logging has economic benefits. Many industries depend upon the forests for their production, and because of this a fire can have a very harmful effect on the economy. Often, however, the trees that have been damaged by natural disasters still can provide much wood that is usable by industries. Furthermore, salvage logging requires more workers than traditional logging operations do, and so it helps create additional jobs for local residents.
最后，收受接管性砍伐是有經(jīng)濟(jì)收益的。良多的財(cái)富的產(chǎn)物出產(chǎn)都依靠森林，因而森林大火對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)的成長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)短常有害的。可是，良多時(shí)辰這些因?yàn)樽匀粸?zāi)難衰亡的樹(shù)木仍是可以能夠?yàn)楣I(yè)出產(chǎn)供給很凍磷拍的。而且，收受接管性砍伐比傳統(tǒng)的砍抨擊當(dāng)需要更多的人力，所以這可覺(jué)適當(dāng)?shù)鼐悠揭捉┙o更多的就業(yè)機(jī)緣。
閱讀部門(mén)需要提取的不雅概念是：
- Main point: 收受接管性砍否決于森林和經(jīng)濟(jì)成長(zhǎng)都益處
- Sub point 1: 可覺(jué)得新生樹(shù)木供給發(fā)展空間
- Sub point 2: 可以避免蟲(chóng)害危險(xiǎn)森林
- Sub point 3: 有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)成長(zhǎng)
聽(tīng)力材料：
Salvage logging may appear to be an effective way of helping forests recover after a destructive fire or storm, but it can actually result in serious loner-term environmental damage. Its economic benefits are also questionable.
收受接管性砍伐看起來(lái)似乎是個(gè)輔佐森林從破損性大火或者暴風(fēng)雨中的損害中恢復(fù)的有用體例，可是事實(shí)上卻會(huì)帶來(lái)持久的情形損失蹤。而它的經(jīng)濟(jì)益處也是存疑的。
First, cleaning up a forest after a fire or storm does not necessarily create the right conditions for tree growth. In fact, the natural process of wood decomposition enriches the soil and makes it more suitable for future generations of tree. The rapid removal of dead trees can result in soil that lacks the nutrients necessary for growth.
首先，在大火或者暴風(fēng)雨之后的清理并不必然會(huì)給樹(shù)的發(fā)展供給合適的發(fā)展情形。事實(shí)上，樹(shù)木腐臭的自然過(guò)程可以使土壤變得肥饒，更適合往后樹(shù)木的發(fā)展。迅速地移除死去的樹(shù)木可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致土壤確實(shí)樹(shù)木發(fā)展所必需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。
Second, it’s true that rotting wood can increase insect population, but is this really bad for the forest? In fact, spruce bark beetles have lived in Alaskan forest for nearly hundred years without causing major damage. And of course dead trees do not provide habitats only for harmful insects. They are also used by birds and other insects that are important contributors to the long-term health of forests. In the long run, therefore, salvage logging may end up doing more harm to forests than harmful insects do.
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