考研英語核心語法總結

時間：2025-01-08 16:19:59 海潔考研英語我要投稿

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考研英語核心語法總結

　　總結是對某一階段的工作、學習或思想中的經驗或情況進行分析研究的書面材料，它能幫我們理順知識結構，突出重點，突破難點，讓我們來為自己寫一份總結吧。那么總結有什么格式呢？下面是小編為大家整理的考研英語核心語法總結，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。

考研英語核心語法總結

　　一、非謂語動詞(V+ing, V+ed)

　　1、動名詞

　　（1）作主語和賓語

　　[例句] Saying is easier than doing.

　　[譯文] 說比做容易。

　　（2）作介詞賓語

　　[例句] We get pleasure from loving and being loved.

　　[譯文] 我們從愛別人和被別人愛中得到快樂。

　　2、分詞作定語

　　（1）前置

　　[例句] The beginning student should be given more encouragement.

　　[譯文] 初學者應多給予鼓勵。

　　[例句] A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.

　　[譯文] 均衡的食物使你的身體獲得營養。

　　（2）后置

　　[例句] Those living on a mountain live off the mountain.

　　[譯文] 靠山吃山。

　　[例句] Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizen.

　　[譯文] 小時候受過良好教育的兒童長大會成為好公民。

　　3、分詞作狀語

　　[例句] Hearing the news, they immediately set offfor Shanghai.

　　[譯文] 聽到這個消息，他們立即出發到上海去了。

　　[例句] Seen from the pagoda, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees.

　　[譯文] 從這個塔上遠眺，紫金山南麓是樹的海洋。

　　[例句] Printed white, the house looks bigger.

　　[譯文] 漆成白色后，這房子像是更大了。

　　[例句] Having written an important letter, I listened to the music for a while.

　　[譯文] 寫完一封重要的信之后，我聽了一會兒音樂。

　　4、獨立主格結構

　　[例句] Mary coming back, they discussed it together.

　　[例句] When mary came back, they discussed it together.

　　[譯文] 瑪麗回來后，他們一起討論了那件事。

　　[例句] Health and persistence given, one can dogreat things.

　　[例句] If health and persistence are given, one can dogreat things.

　　[譯文] 有健康的身體和頑強的毅力的話，一個人才能做出偉大的事情。

　　[例句] The moon having risen, they took a walk inthe fields.

　　[例句] When the moon had risen, they took a walk inthe fields.

　　[譯文] 月亮升起后，他們在田野里散步。

　　[例句] So much time having been spent, the work isonly half done.

　　[例句] Though so much time has been spent, the work isonly half done.

　　[譯文] 雖然花了這么多時間，這項工作才做了一半。

　　二、定語從句

　　同位語從句與定語從句的區別

　　[例句] He has one sister who is working in the city.

　　[例句] He has one sister, who is working in the city.

　　[例句] The proposal that he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting.

　　[譯文] 他提出的建議將在會上討論。

　　[例句] The proposal that we should import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed atthe meeting.

　　[譯文] 我們應當從國外進口更多設備這個建議將在會上討論。

　　[例句] Part of the fame of Allen’s book is itscontention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”

　　[譯文] 愛倫的書之所以出名，部分原因是因為它辯論的觀點，即： “環境并未造就人，而是揭示了人的本性。

　　三、名詞性從句

　　[例句] He ate what he paid for.

　　[例句] He ate the food that he paid for.

　　[譯文] 他吃他買的東西。

　　[例句] The question is how we can get the loan.

　　[譯文] 問題是如何獲得貸款。

　　[例句] He told them who he was and what he haddone in the past.

　　[例句] In general, the tests work mosteffectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined andleast effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.

　　[譯文] 一般來說，當所需測定的性質能夠精確定義時，測試最為有效；而當所需測定或預測的對象不能明確定義時，測試效果最差。

　　[例句] The Greeks assumed that the structure oflanguage had some connection with the process of thought, which took root inEurope long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

　　[譯文] 希臘人認為本語言結構與思維過程之間存在著某種聯系，這種觀點早在人們意識到語言的千差萬別之前就已經在歐洲扎下了根。

　　[例句] A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to getthe “right” answers.

　　[譯文] 在谷歌上進行一次搜索便會產生0.2到7.0克的二氧化碳，具體數值取決于人們得到“正確”答案所需的查詢次數。

　　考研英語語法形式錯誤及糾錯分析

　　1.破句

　　破句又稱為“片語”，也是寫作中經常出現的錯誤之一。簡單地說，破句就是斷句，它在語義上是不完整的、在語法上是不正確的。如：

　　【例1】

　　誤：I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday.Trying to find a garage to repair my car.

　　正：I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday，trying to find a garage to repair my car.

　　【例2】

　　誤：Talking with an old friend usually reviving old memories.Such as college pranks，football games，and wartime experience.

　　正：Talking with an old friend，one can usually revive old memories，such as college pranks，football games，and wartime experience.

　　【例3】

　　誤：The class often starts late.For example，yesterday at a quarter past nine instead of at nine sharp.

　　正：The class of ten starts late，for example，yesterday at a quarter past nine instead of at nine sharp.

　　【例4】

　　誤：The whole area is honey combed by caves.Many of which are still unexplored.

　　正：The whole area is honey combed by caves，many of which are still unexplored.

　　【例5】

　　誤：Parts of numbers smaller than 1 are sometimes expressed in terms of fraction，but in scientific usage are given as decimal.

　　正：Parts of numbers smaller than 1 are sometimes expressed in terms of fraction，but in scientific usage they are given as decimal.

　　2.融合句

　　所謂融合句，就是兩個或兩個以上的句子沒有適當的標點符號或連詞而融合在一起。如：

　　【例1】

　　誤：The girl made the fire the boy cooked the steaks.

　　正：The girl made the fire，and the boy cooked the steaks.

　　【例2】

　　誤：There is no fool who is happy no wise man who is not.

　　正：There is no fool who is happy，and no wise man who is not.(世上沒快樂的愚人，也沒有不快樂的智者。)

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　　【例3】

　　誤：The future is bright the road ahead is tortuous.

　　正：The future is bright while the road ahead is tortuous.

　　【例4】

　　誤：Everything starts from nothing，and begins with each tiny bit of contribution.Try it you may succeed.

　　正：Everything starts from nothing，and begins with each tiny bit of contribution.Try it，and you may succeed.

　　【例5】

　　誤：Johnson decided to quit smoking.he didnt want to die of lung cancer.

　　正：Johnson decided to quit smoking，because he didnt want to die of lung cancer.

　　3.懸垂修飾語

　　修飾語必須非常明確地修飾句子中的某一個詞或某一組詞。懸垂修飾是指修飾語與其邏輯主語之間產生意義上的矛盾，或者在句子初看好像修飾某個詞語，但實際上什么也沒有修飾，使修飾語處于懸浮狀態，無處著落。非謂語動詞或介詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語應該是句子的主語。如果句子的主語不能充當其邏輯主語，就得另加上邏輯主語，否則該非謂語動詞或介詞短語便是懸垂結構了。如：

　　【例1】

　　誤：To discover the truth about happiness，questions must be asked on how these competing ideas relate to reality.

　　正：To discover the truth about happiness，we must ask questions on how these competing ideas relate to reality.

　　【例2】

　　誤：When only a little girl，my father took me to New York.

　　正：When only a little girl，I was taken to New York by my father.

　　或：正：When I was only a little girl，my father took me to New York.

　　【例3】

　　誤：My term paper was finished after sitting up half the night.

　　正：After sitting up half the night，I finished my term paper.

　　【例4】

　　誤：Jogging slowly along the street，my eye was caught by many beautiful skirts.