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that用法詳解
想要學(xué)好考研英語怎么能不知道that的用法呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。歡迎閱讀收藏。
that是英語中十分常見的單詞，用法靈活多樣，是英語中最常用的詞匯之一。正因?yàn)樗俏覀冋J(rèn)為自己最熟悉的單詞，反而容易忽視它。在考研英語中，對that的考查包括三個(gè)方面：
(1)that作指示代詞的用法;
(2)that作連詞引導(dǎo)各類從句時(shí)，需要準(zhǔn)確辨別從句類型。
一、that 作限定詞或代詞
that可以作限定詞或代詞連接名詞或名詞短語，也可單獨(dú)使用，用以指代人或者物。此外，that不僅可以指代單獨(dú)的人或物，還可以指代一句話。
例：Furthermore, in the early days of long line fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. [2006, text3]
分析：
A.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。Furthermore, in the early days of long line fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks //after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, //because there are fewer sharks around now.
第一個(gè)句子的主句為a lot of fish were lost to sharks，介詞短語in the early days of long line fishing作狀語，after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。第二個(gè)句子主句是That is no longer a problem, that為代詞，because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。
B.分析that指代。that指代第一句話，“a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked”，其中after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。
C.譯文：而且，在使用多鉤長線捕魚的初期，許多魚被鉤住后又被鯊魚奪走。這不再是一個(gè)問題，因?yàn)楦浇孽忯~更少了。
二、that作副詞表示程度，相當(dāng)于so
例：It isn’t all that cold. 天沒有那么冷。
三、that作連詞引導(dǎo)各類從句
(1)that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句
that后面連接一個(gè)完整的陳述句，可以位于主語、賓語、表語或同位語的位置，分別引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。此時(shí)，that沒有實(shí)意，而且不在從句中做任何成分。that引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句時(shí)不可以省略。
例1：That the plates are movingis now beyond dispute. (主語從句)
地球板塊是在漂移的，這一事實(shí)毋庸置疑。
例2：The truth is that everyone should take care of orphan, not just the authorities.(表語從句)
事實(shí)是，所有人都應(yīng)該照顧孤兒，而不僅僅是完全由政府承擔(dān)。
例3：All people believed that it was right to rescue the temple. (賓語從句)(注：that可以省略)
所有人都認(rèn)為拯救古廟是正確的。
例4：The students expressed their hope that they could be admitted by that university.(同位語從句)
學(xué)生們表達(dá)了他們向被這所大學(xué)錄取的愿望。
(2)that引導(dǎo)定語從句
that引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語、表語或者賓語，既可以指代人，也可以指代物。that在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。
例1：The professor that you admire most will visit our university next month.
你敬仰的那個(gè)教授下月會(huì)到我們學(xué)校參觀。
例2：This is one of the subways that will be put into use in two years.
這是未來兩年內(nèi)將開通的地鐵之一。
例3：I have nothing that is worth reading.
我沒有什么值得一讀的東西。
(注：當(dāng)先行詞中有不定代詞、形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞或者先行詞被the only，the very等限定詞修飾等情況下，定語從句引導(dǎo)詞也只能用that。)
(3)that與其他單詞結(jié)合引導(dǎo)狀語從句
that可以和其他單詞結(jié)構(gòu)共同引導(dǎo)狀語從句，例如such...that，so...that等引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，in order that，so that等引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，in that，now that，on the grounds that等引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，suppose/supposing/assume/assuming/provided/providing that，on condition that等引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句等。
例1：She has made suchrapid progress thatbefore long she could pass the exam.
她進(jìn)步很快，不久就能通過考試的。
例2：You should make full use of this opportunityso thatyou can get rich experience.
你應(yīng)該充分利用這次機(jī)會(huì)，以便獲得豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
例3：Supposing thatyou were in my position, what would you do?
如果你在我的位置，你會(huì)怎么做?
例4：On condition thatyou were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible.
如果你在沙漠中迷路，你應(yīng)該盡早尋求幫助。
(4)that引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句
“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that從句”是高頻使用的一種強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其中被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以作從句的主語、賓語和狀語等。強(qiáng)調(diào)句中去掉“it is/was”和“that”后，句子成分和語義仍然完整。
例：It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again.
戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后愛因斯坦才能重新進(jìn)行他的研究工作。
拓展閱讀
關(guān)系代詞that 的用法
1)不用that的情況
a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。
(錯(cuò)) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，只用that。
d) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí)，只用that。.
e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。
舉例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油問題。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。
that的六種用法
1、that作指示代詞：
That is my book.那是我的書。
2、that作指示形容詞：
We haven't found any solution to deal with that problem yet.我們?nèi)晕凑业浇鉀Q問題的辦法。
3、that作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句：
This is the sort of thing that Jeremy loves.這是杰里米喜歡的東西。
4、that作連詞：
that可以作連詞引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從句，包括賓語從句、主語從句、同位語從句和表語從句。
that可以作連詞引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從句，包括賓語從句、主語從句、同位語從句和表語從句。
1)that作連詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句：
They have recommended that the site be closed and repaired. 他們建議將該處關(guān)閉并進(jìn)行維修。
2)that作連詞引導(dǎo)主語從句：
That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想獲得獎(jiǎng)牌看起來是不可能的。
3)that作連詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句：
The idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is mistaken. 現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)只能在博物館才能見到的想法是錯(cuò)誤的。
4)that作連詞引導(dǎo)表語從句：
One problem is that I don't look any different from other people. 有一個(gè)問題是我看起來和其它人沒有任何不同。
that還可以作連詞引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，閱讀時(shí)需要留意這個(gè)用法。
What was the matter with the fellow that he looked so happy? 那人怎么回事，看起來這樣高興?
5、that作副詞：
that和this都可以作副詞，用于修飾形容詞或修飾另一個(gè)副詞，表示“這么，那么，如此，這般”的意思，如:
It's about that long. 它大約有那么長。
that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句
1)由that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句：
What have I done that you should treat me like this? 我究竟干了什么，你竟這樣對待我?
2)結(jié)果狀語從句中的that 有時(shí)還可以省列：
He is such a marvelous joker you can't help laughing. 他的笑話講得那么出色，你會(huì)禁不住哈哈大笑。
6、從結(jié)構(gòu)的角度講,區(qū)分that是引導(dǎo)狀語從句還是引導(dǎo)定語從句可以根椐從句的成分是否完整來判斷。
定語從句通常是不完整的,即從句所修飾的先行詞會(huì)在從句中充當(dāng)某成分。如:t is a story that people believe.這是一個(gè)人們都相信的故事。 (這里story作believe的賓語。)
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