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LSAT邏輯推理部分的介紹和說明
邏輯推理試題共有兩個(gè)部分，每部分有 24~ 26道試題。一般每道題都有一篇小的短文或?qū)υ挘缓筢槍?duì)此短文或?qū)υ捥岢?問題。 短文或?qū)υ捝婕暗姆秶軓V，包括哲學(xué)、文學(xué)、政治、科技、藝術(shù)、歷史、體育等等。 邏輯推理試題主要測(cè)試考生的以下能力 :
●確定中心思想
●找出推理中的假設(shè)
●從已知事實(shí)或前提得出合理結(jié)論
●確定推理的準(zhǔn)則并將之應(yīng)用于新的論證
●確定推理的方法或結(jié)構(gòu)
●找出推理的錯(cuò)誤及誤解
●確定新的事實(shí)或論證對(duì)現(xiàn)有論證或結(jié)論的加強(qiáng)或削弱
●對(duì)論證進(jìn)行分析
一、試題類型
邏輯推理實(shí)體的類型一般包括以下幾種：
1. 有關(guān)結(jié)論的問題：
the term "pit bull" does not designate a breed of dog, as do the terms "german shepherd"and "poodle. " it is like the terms "seeing-eye dog" and "police dog," which designate dogs ac-cording to what they do. if you take two german shepherds and place them side by side, youcannot tell by appearance alone which is the police dog and which is the seeing-eye dog.
which one of the following is the main point of the passage?
(a) german shepherds can be pit bulls.
(b) pit bulls can be distinguished from other kinds of dogs.
(c) a dog is pit bull because of what it does, not because of its breed.
(d) german shepherds can function both as police dogs and as seeing-eye dogs.
(e) some breeds of dogs cannot be distinguished from other breeds of dogs by appearancealone.
答案(c)
2. 有關(guān)推論的問題
below is an excerpt from a letter that a medical school sent to an applicant:
we regret that we will not be offering you a position at our school. the committee has been forced to reject many highly qualified applicants because we must restrict our class size to fewer than 200 students.
which one of the following can be logically inferred from the information in the letter above?
(a) only highly qualified applicants were accepted by the medical school.
(b) the applicant was considered to be highly qualified.
(c) the school had already taken its maximum number of students.
(d) most of the applicants were highly qualified.
(e) the qualifications of applicants were not the only factor affecting admissions.
答案(e)
3. 有關(guān)架設(shè)的問題
schools that train students in technical skills for a specific field of work are more successful,as measured by the percentage of students that gain employment in full-time jobs in the six-month period following graduation, than are institutions that teach a liberal arts curriculum.
technical schools have a student employment rate of approximately 65 percent, whereas liberal arts schools have a rate of only 56 percent. this difference reveals that technical schools are more effectively meeting the challenge of providing education than are liberal arts schools.
which one of the following is an assumption on which the above argument rests?
(a) schools will not accurately report information if they believe that information will re-flect poorly on them.
(b) the curriculum of a school can be evaluated by examining the number and types of jobplacements achieved by its students.
(c) the percentage of students that gain employment following graduation is a measure-ment of that school s ability to provide education.
(d) the sole function of education is to help students gain employment.
(e) technical schools and liberal arts schools serve different educational purposes.
答案(c)
4.有關(guān)加強(qiáng)(strengthen)論證的問題。
journalistic criticism of literature is falling victim to its own efforts to justify its existence.critics believe that garner respect from their readers by ignoring objective description in favor ofapinionated commentary. any new work is given the briefest of summaries, and then mercilessly:arved up in an effort to divine its deeper meaning. but the best journalist simply presents facts and allows his audience to decide their meanings independently. critics should convey the truest
possible form of the works in question; let the art, and not the art critic, speak to us.
which one of the following statements best lends support to the argument presented above?
(a) liberals make all new work available to the interested public without regard to critical opinions.
(b) because space is limited, it is not practical to reproduce completely every work that is criticized in print.
(c) writers would likely alter their style if they knew that their works would simply be read
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