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2017年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀答題技巧「四選一」
高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解常見的題目形式是四選一，顧名思義，就是從四個(gè)備選答案中選出符合題目要求的答案。為了幫助大家備考，小編整理了一些答題技巧，希望能幫到大家!
1、細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧
細(xì)節(jié)題，顧名思義，就是指針對(duì)文章的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)置的試題。細(xì)節(jié)題的命題方法很多，如可能是對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)用同義結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換后進(jìn)行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)(通常是四個(gè))放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項(xiàng)或選出錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng))或?qū)讉�(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行排序等。解答這類試題時(shí)，一個(gè)常用的方法就是運(yùn)用定位法，即根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)中的線索詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較從而確定答案(此時(shí)要特別注意一些常見的同義轉(zhuǎn)換)。
現(xiàn)在圍繞上述的定位理論，引申出幾個(gè)小的技巧：
(1) 關(guān)鍵信息定位法。這個(gè)主要是細(xì)節(jié)題，如涉及到數(shù)字(日期、時(shí)間、價(jià)格等)，就可以在文章中快速圈出數(shù)字，再找出目標(biāo)數(shù)字及相對(duì)應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)作息，還有人物姓名、地點(diǎn)名詞等等，其他的還包括一些提示情節(jié)發(fā)展，或條綱性關(guān)鍵字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。
As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. (2011年高考英語(yǔ)北京A篇)
What happened to the author in 2011?
A. She flew an airplane
B. She entered a competition
C. She went on a hot air balloon ride
D. She moved into a retirement community
解析：此題屬典型細(xì)節(jié)題，通過(guò)題干中的時(shí)間in 2011不難定位到文中粗體字部分，很容易可以鎖定正解為C。
(2) 同義定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同義定位就是指問(wèn)題所用的關(guān)鍵詞和文中的不一致，但屬于同義性質(zhì)，同義轉(zhuǎn)換其實(shí)是在關(guān)鍵間的基礎(chǔ)上拐了個(gè)彎。
He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out， exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. (2010年高考英語(yǔ)北京B篇)
What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?
A. Finding the news value of his stories.
B. Giving him financial support.
C. Helping him to find issues.
D. Improving his good ideas.
解析：此題屬細(xì)節(jié)題，定位方式為同義定位法。題干中的talks和文章中conversations對(duì)應(yīng)，而want most和longs for對(duì)應(yīng)，這樣不難得出答案為D。
小結(jié)：在閱讀中，精準(zhǔn)快速的定位加上正確的理解力才能保證做題的量與質(zhì)。定位法是需要在做題的過(guò)程中有意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)的，做題的技巧也是可以總結(jié)的，關(guān)鍵是要自覺培養(yǎng)這種分析歸納和總結(jié)的意識(shí)以及能力。
2、推理題解題技巧
推斷題定義：在理解原文字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得到文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過(guò)程。
出現(xiàn)特征：在考題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的詞有infer， imply， indicate， conclude， learn from， probably， most likely， prove /according to等。
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. “We're moving house.'; “No space for her any more with the baby coming.” “We never really wanted her， but what could we have done? She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house? (2010年高考英語(yǔ)北京A篇)
A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Annoyed. D. Upset.
解析：由題目得知：是考察作者的態(tài)度題。首先定位到文章作者的話語(yǔ)和行為，即
(1) No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway.
(2) We never really wanted her， but what could we have done? She was a present.“
(3) People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
可知作者對(duì)它是正的情感，排除C，D.再由作者對(duì)它的不舍，答案選B
3、主旨大意題解題技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
(1) 要在閱讀原文基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)考慮選項(xiàng)是否與文章主題有密切聯(lián)系
(2) 再看選項(xiàng)對(duì)文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何
(3) 要注意題目是否過(guò)大或者過(guò)小
(4) 要避免下列三種錯(cuò)誤
概括不夠(多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，導(dǎo)致范圍過(guò)小)
過(guò)度概括(多表現(xiàn)為擴(kuò)大范圍)
以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)代替抽象概括的大意。
Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警報(bào)) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
Text messages have been popular in recent years， particularly among young people. The wireless industry's trade association， CTIA， estimates(估計(jì)) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act， a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before， and during， disasters and other emergencies，” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said， following approval of the plan.
Participation in the alert system by carriers -telecommunications companies is voluntary， but it has received support from the wireless industry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
There would be three different types of messages， according to the rules.
The first would be a national alert from the president， likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”， which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abduction (綁架) emergencies， or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.( 2008年高考英語(yǔ)山東卷B篇)
66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students
B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry
C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters
D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon
解析：D。主旨大意題。第一段開門見山，提出將創(chuàng)建一個(gè)全國(guó)性的短信警報(bào)系統(tǒng);最后一段重申主題，對(duì)這種新系統(tǒng)的未來(lái)進(jìn)行展望。因此最準(zhǔn)確的標(biāo)題是D。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在protecting students;B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在by wireless industry;C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在National Disasters。
4、詞義句意題解題技巧
要求考生通過(guò)閱讀上下文，結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的賞識(shí)來(lái)推測(cè)尚不熟悉的詞或者詞組的意思。出現(xiàn)特征：劃線或者引號(hào)
解題方法之一：根據(jù)上下文，往往是本句中的同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。
Weeks later， standing before this unfriendly mass， I was totally lost. Oh well， I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk， burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report， it all became clear， “My report is on George Washington， the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.(2012年北京，B篇，62，答案D)
A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager
解析：從burning這個(gè)詞來(lái)說(shuō)，意為“發(fā)熱的，強(qiáng)烈的，燃燒的”，后面緊跟動(dòng)詞詞組“find out”說(shuō)明在尋找時(shí)刻的心情是很緊張和急迫的，最后是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，是我曾經(jīng)做錯(cuò)過(guò)什么，那么這個(gè)題目顯然就是選擇和“渴望的，熱切的”詞義，顯然為D選項(xiàng)。
5、結(jié)構(gòu)順序題解題技巧
常見提問(wèn)方式：
How is the passage organized?
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
The author develops the passage mainly by….
解題思路：
(1) 注意主題段。主題段通常在文章的開頭，簡(jiǎn)要概括文章的中心思想，
(2) 找出或者總結(jié)每段的主題句。主題句可能在段落的開頭，也可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間或末尾。如何確定主題句的方法見主旨題之main idea型。
(3) 最后根據(jù)每段主題確定段與段之間的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫，邏輯嚴(yán)密。為突出主題，作者可能采用不同的寫作手法來(lái)組織文章，通過(guò)舉例、比較、類比等手法來(lái)透徹闡明主題觀點(diǎn)。
The Diet Zone： A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke， diet Pepsi， diet pills， no-fat diet， vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically(身體上).
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level， we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight， but in controlling the consumption of fatty， high-calorie， unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level， diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink， we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain， and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us， but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calories only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional， and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us， it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds， not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this， we will be much better able to resist diet products， and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. (2008高考英語(yǔ)北京卷E篇)
75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
題目
解析：文章第一段點(diǎn)明節(jié)食產(chǎn)品在誤導(dǎo)人們;第二段說(shuō)明節(jié)食產(chǎn)品對(duì)人們心理上的影響;第三段說(shuō)明節(jié)食產(chǎn)品誤導(dǎo)人們認(rèn)為不費(fèi)勁就可以減肥，即對(duì)人們身體上的危害;第四段說(shuō)明節(jié)食產(chǎn)品的危害;第五段說(shuō)明人們應(yīng)該慎重對(duì)待節(jié)食產(chǎn)品，故從文章結(jié)構(gòu)上看應(yīng)該是B項(xiàng)正確。
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