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  • EIGRP路由協議的配置實例

    時間:2024-07-05 09:51:30 網絡技術 我要投稿
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    EIGRP路由協議的配置實例

      我們在接口配置過程中,幀中繼的DLCI號和IP映射時也沒有配置broadcast 參數,這類問題該如何解決?下面小編給你帶來的內容回答以上疑問。

    EIGRP路由協議的配置實例

      EIGRP路由協議的配置拓撲圖

      R1(config)#router eigrp 100

      R1(config-router)#no auto-summary //關閉自動匯總

      R1(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0 //宣告路由條目

      R1(config-router)#end

      R2(config)#router eigrp 100

      R2(config-router)#no auto-summary

      R2(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0

      R2(config-router)#net 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 //宣告路由條目

      R2(config-router)#end

      R3(config)#router eigrp 100

      R3(config-router)#no auto-summary

      R3(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0

      R3(config-router)#net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

      R3(config-router)#end

      檢查:

      R1#show ip eigrp neighbors //查看eigrp 鄰居表,發現并沒有鄰居

      IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100

      R1#show ip eigrp topology //查看EIGRP 拓撲表,并沒有學習到任何的路由

      IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(192.168.1.1)

      Codes: P – Passive, A – Active, U – Update, Q – Query, R – Reply,

      r – reply Status, s – sia Status

      P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856

      via Connected, Serial0/0

      因為幀中繼默認為NBMA 模式,也就是非廣播的多路訪問模式,它會阻止廣播數據和組播數據,我們在接口配置過程中,幀中繼的DLCI 號和IP 映射時也沒有配置broadcast 參數,而EIGRP 路由協議通過組播地址224.0.0.10 來發送相應的路由信息(比如hello、update 等數據包),所以R1 并沒有發現任何的鄰居路由器。

      為了能讓EIGRP的路由信息通過幀中繼傳播,在沒有配置broadcast 參數的情況下,我們可以通過單播的形式來發送EIGRP 數據包,我們對以上的配置進行改進:

      R1(config)#router eigrp 100

      R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.2 serial 0/0 //手工指定鄰居,實現單播方式

      R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.3 serial 0/0

      R1(config-router)#end

      R2(config)#router eigrp 100

      R2(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 serial 0/0 //手工指定鄰居,實現單播方式

      R2(config-router)#end

      R3(config)#router eigrp 100

      R3(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 serial 0/0 //手工指定鄰居,實現單播方式

      R3(config-router)#end

      驗證:

      *Mar 1 00:29:18.955: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.2 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency

      *Mar 1 00:29:19.115: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.3 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency

      R1#show ip eigrp neighbors

      IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100

      H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq

      (sec) (ms) Cnt Num

      1 192.168.1.3 Se0/0 156 00:01:19 99 594 0 3

      0 192.168.1.2 Se0/0 154 00:01:19 137 822 0 3

      R2#

      *Mar 1 00:29:18.979: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.1 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency

      R2#

      R2#show ip eigrp neighbor

      IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100

      H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq

      (sec) (ms) Cnt Num

      0 192.168.1.1 Se0/0 138 00:02:31 171 1026 0 7

      R1#show ip route eigrp 100 //查看路由表,可以看到R1 能夠學習到R2 和R3 相應的網絡

      172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

      D 172.16.0.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

      D 172.16.1.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

      D 172.16.2.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

      D 172.16.3.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

      10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

      D 10.1.3.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

      D 10.1.2.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

      D 10.1.1.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

      D 10.1.0.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

      R1#ping 10.1.0.1 //驗證是否可以訪問R2 的網絡

      Type escape sequence to abort.

      Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

      !!!!!

      Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/56/104 ms

      R1#ping 172.16.0.1 //驗證是否可以訪問R3 的網絡

      Type escape sequence to abort.

      Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

      !!!!!

      Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/52/124 ms

      查看R2 的路由表:

      R2#show ip route

      Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP

      D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area

      N1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2

      E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2

      i – IS-IS, su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2

      ia – IS-IS inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route

      o – ODR, P – periodic downloaded static route

      Gateway of last resort is not set

      10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

      C 10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3

      C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2

      C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 10.1.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

      C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0

      發現R2 并沒有學習到R3 的172.16.0.0 網絡, R1 通過S0/0 接口學習到R3 宣告的172.16.0.0網絡,因為R1 s0/0 接口的水平分割機制導致R1 不會再由這個接口S0/0 發布出去,所以R2無法學習到R3 宣告的網絡,同理,R3 也無法學習到R2 宣告的網絡。

      對幀中繼配置進行修正,使用broadcast 參數:

      R1(config)#router eigrp 100

      R1(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.1.2 s0/0 //取消手工指定鄰居

      *Mar 1 00:42:29.807: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.2 (Serial0/0) is down:

      R1(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.1.3 s0/0

      *Mar 1 00:42:32.623: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.3 (Serial0/0) is down:

      R1(config-router)#exit

      R1(config)#int s0/0

      R1(config-if)#no fram map ip 192.168.1.2 102 //取消之前不帶broadcast 參數的靜態映射

      R1(config-if)#no fram map ip 192.168.1.3 103

      R1(config-if)#frame map ip 192.168.1.2 102 broadcast

      R1(config-if)#frame map ip 192.168.1.3 103 broadcast

      R1(config-if)#end

      R2(config)#router eigrp 100

      R2(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.1.1 Serial0/0

      R2(config-router)#int s0/0

      R2(config-if)#no frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 201

      R2(config-if)# frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 201 broadcast

      R3(config)#router eigrp 100

      R3(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.1.1 Serial0/0

      R3(config-router)#int s0/0

      R3(config-if)#no

      *Mar 1 00:47:58.943: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.1 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency

      R3(config-if)#no frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 301

      R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 301 broadcast

      R3(config-if)#end

      驗證結果:

      可以看到添加了broadcast 后,幀中繼可以正常的傳遞組播數據了,R1 就可以和R2 和R3 建立鄰居關系并正常學習到路由。

      R1#show ip eigrp neighbors

      IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100

      H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq

      (sec) (ms) Cnt Num

      1 192.168.1.3 Se0/0 178 00:00:03 906 5000 0 7

      0 192.168.1.2 Se0/0 178 00:01:57 1040 5000 0 6

      R1#show ip route eigrp 100

      172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

      D 172.16.0.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:00:53, Serial0/0

      D 172.16.1.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:00:53, Serial0/0

      D 172.16.2.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:00:53, Serial0/0

      D 172.16.3.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:00:53, Serial0/0

      10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

      D 10.1.3.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:46, Serial0/0

      D 10.1.2.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:46, Serial0/0

      D 10.1.1.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:46, Serial0/0

      D 10.1.0.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:46, Serial0/0

      查看R3 的路由表,發現R3 并沒有學習到R2 的網絡,這是因為R1 默認情況下接口有水平。

      R3#show ip route

      Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP

      D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area

      N1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2

      E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2

      i – IS-IS, su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2

      ia – IS-IS inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route

      o – ODR, P – periodic downloaded static route

      Gateway of last resort is not set

      172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

      C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

      C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

      C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2

      C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3

      C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0

      將R1 接口的水平分割關閉:

      R1(config)#interface serial 0/0

      R1(config-if)#no ip split-horizon eigrp 100

      R1(config-if)#end

      當R1 的水平分割關閉后,EIGRP 進程會出現相應提示:

      *Mar 1 00:52:25.055: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.3 (Serial0/0) is resync: split horizon changed

      *Mar 1 00:52:25.055: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.2 (Serial0/0) is resync: split horizon changed

      查看R1 接口S0/0 的情況:

      R1#show ip int s0/0 | include Split

      Split horizon is disabled

      查看R2 的路由表:

      R2#show ip route eigrp 100

      172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

      D 172.16.0.0 [90/2809856] via 192.168.1.1, 00:08:03, Serial0/0

      D 172.16.1.0 [90/2809856] via 192.168.1.1, 00:08:03, Serial0/0

      D 172.16.2.0 [90/2809856] via 192.168.1.1, 00:08:03, Serial0/0

      D 172.16.3.0 [90/2809856] via 192.168.1.1, 00:08:03, Serial0/0

      雖然R2 路由表中有172.16.2.0/24 網絡,但R2 并沒有ping 通,這是什么原因?

      因為R3 的串行口幀中繼配置時,只做了IP 192.168.1.1 和DLCI 號的對應,沒有做IP 192。168.1.2 和DLCI 號的映射,所以R2 ping 172.16.2.1 時,采用的源地址為192.168.1.2,通過路由表發現目的地址172.16.2.1 具有符合的條目,轉發接口為192.168.1.1,于是由R1 轉發到R3,R3 在回包過程時,源地址為172.16.2.1,而目標地址為192.168.1.2,但它不知道這個地址怎么轉發于是就丟棄。

      R3(config)#int s0/0

      R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 301 broadcast

      R2(config-if)#end

      R2(config)#int s0/0

      R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.3 201 broadcast

      R2(config-if)#end

      驗證結果:

      R2#ping 172.16.1.1

      Type escape sequence to abort.

      Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

      !!!!!

      Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/88/160 ms


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