英語作文寫作模式

時(shí)間：2024-08-21 18:41:52 英語寫作我要投稿

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英語作文寫作模式

　　英語作文的寫作有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的格式嗎?以下便是小編整理的關(guān)于英語作文的協(xié)作模式，一起來看一下吧!

英語作文寫作模式

　　【寫作模式】

　　基本要求

　　英文書寫應(yīng)符合書寫規(guī)范，英文字母要寫清楚、寫整齊、寫美觀，字母的大小和字母之間的距離要?jiǎng)蚍Q。書寫應(yīng)做到字形秀麗漂亮，通篇?jiǎng)蚍Q和諧。

　　寫英文字母要掌握正確筆順。如小寫字母i ，應(yīng)該先寫下面的部分，然后再打點(diǎn)。有的學(xué)生卻按寫漢字的習(xí)慣從上到下寫，寫快了，就會(huì)把點(diǎn)和下面的豎筆連在一起，顯得十分別扭。字形t應(yīng)為兩筆。不少人卻將兩筆合成一筆，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，難以辨認(rèn)。另外，把r寫成v，把q寫成把g，把k寫成h等等，都是中學(xué)生書寫中常見的毛病。

　　不少人在四線三格的練習(xí)紙上書寫尚有規(guī)矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求書寫，但在白紙或橫線紙上書寫，卻顯得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律寫成同一高度，占上中兩格的字母與占中下兩格的字母完全沒有高低之別。這些現(xiàn)象都要防止。

　　另外，書寫時(shí)還要注意詞與詞之間要保持一定的距離，不能緊靠在一起。字母之間的連寫也應(yīng)該按照習(xí)慣，不能隨意亂來。

　　在一篇字?jǐn)?shù)有限的作文里，我們還要注意盡量不把一個(gè)單詞拆開移行。萬一要移行，則必須以音節(jié)為單位進(jìn)行，如revolution這個(gè)詞，依照音節(jié)移行的原則可以按re-，revo-, revolu-這幾種方法移行。在移行時(shí)，我們還應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn):

　　1. 單音節(jié)詞不能移行，即使是字母較多的單音節(jié)詞，如through等也不能例外。

　　2.縮略詞如Mr.、Dr.等不能和后面的名字拆開移行。縮略的專用名詞如U.K.(the UnitedKingdom)、U.S.A(United States of America)等也不能拆開移行。

　　3.時(shí)間、量度及貨幣單位應(yīng)視為一個(gè)整體;不能分開移行。

　　如: 11：00 P.M. 應(yīng)寫在一行內(nèi)，不能將11：00和PM.分開移行;寫38℃時(shí)，不能將38和℃分開移行。

　　4.由“年、月、日”表示的日期。如果必須分開移行只能將“月、日”與“年”分開。如January 6，1980不能將January和6分開移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成兩行。

　　5.含雙寫輔音字母的單詞，在移行時(shí)要將輔音字母拆開。如better可拆成bet-ter，necessary可拆成 neces-sary。

　　但如果雙寫輔音字母屬于詞根，后面又加了后綴，就不能將兩個(gè)輔音字母拆開。如drill加上-ing后構(gòu)成了drilling，就不可以將它拆成dril-ling，而只能拆為drilling。

　　書信題型寫作是應(yīng)用文寫作中常見的功能性寫作形式，書信寫作的準(zhǔn)備一是宏觀，就是要掌握它的格式，基本框架，就是先寫什么，后寫什么;二是微觀，具體到語言如何使用。

　　【語法要點(diǎn)】

　　基英語學(xué)習(xí)的長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)——交流所必需的能力之一。毋庸置疑，英語寫作是集基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，基本能力和課外信息于一身的綜合體現(xiàn)，同時(shí)，又要兼顧到寫作者高超的寫作技巧。因而，沒有扎實(shí)的英語語法知識(shí);

　　1)、taff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were ex

　　本段從“rose”(起床)寫起，然后是吃早餐(“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”)，然后是“close to noon”，一直寫到這一天結(jié)束(“By nine——”)。

　　B. 按位置遠(yuǎn)近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如：

　　From the distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.

　　本段的寫法是由遠(yuǎn)及近，從遠(yuǎn)處(“from a distance”)寫起，然后“get closer”，再到(“ten feet away”)，最后是“inside the pagoda”……當(dāng)然，按位置遠(yuǎn)近來寫不等于都是由遠(yuǎn)及近。根據(jù)需要，也可以由近及遠(yuǎn)，由表及里等等。

　　C. 按邏輯關(guān)系排列(logical arrangement)

　　a. 按重要性順序排列(arrangement in order of importance)

　　If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.

　　這一段談的是表達(dá)能力，它的重要性與職業(yè)，身份有關(guān)，從“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”，最后是“most important”。

　　b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)

　　If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.

　　這一段談的是a writer's carelessness，先給出一個(gè)general statement作為主題句，然后通過5個(gè) "perhaps"加以例證。

　　c. 由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)

　　I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.

　　本段的主題句是段首句，它僅提出一個(gè)問題：為什么兩只貓會(huì)被搞混。然后對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行比較，末句才下結(jié)論。

　　2)形連

　　行文的邏輯性常常要靠適當(dāng)?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)換詞語及其他手段來實(shí)現(xiàn)。請(qǐng)讀下面這一段文字并找出文中用以承上啟下的詞語：

　　Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, during his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.

　　本文中起承上啟下的詞語有兩種，一種是轉(zhuǎn)換詞語(transitional words or phrases)，另一種是起轉(zhuǎn)換作用的其他連接手段(linking devices)。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有詞匯105個(gè)，所使用的轉(zhuǎn)換詞語及其他連接用語共26個(gè)詞，約占該段總詞匯量的四分之一。由此可見，掌握好transitions不僅對(duì)行文的流(smoothness)有益，而且對(duì)于學(xué)生在半個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)寫120個(gè)詞也是不無好處的。

　　一個(gè)段落里如果沒有transitions也就很難有coherence了.我們看下面一個(gè)例子：

　　Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 en211ago. Written language is arecent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.

　　本段中除了第6句開頭出現(xiàn)一個(gè)起過渡作用的"it"之外，沒有使用其他的過渡詞語.這樣，文中出現(xiàn)許多重復(fù)的詞語，全段讀起來也顯得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的過渡詞語來修飾的話，這一段就成了下面一個(gè)流暢連貫的段落：

　　Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.

　　有損連貫

　　考生在寫作中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)下面幾種錯(cuò)誤：

　　改變時(shí)態(tài)

　　In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.

　　變單復(fù)數(shù)

　　Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.

　　改變?nèi)朔Q

　　Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.

　　因此寫作中，一定要注意時(shí)態(tài)，人稱以及數(shù)的變化是否正確，要注意保持一致。

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